Document 0147
 DOCN  M9490147
 TI    Risk factors for HIV-1 infection in adults in a rural Ugandan community:
       a case-control study.
 DT    9411
 AU    Malamba SS; Wagner HU; Maude G; Okongo M; Nunn AJ; Kengeya-Kayondo JF;
       Mulder DW; Medical Research Council (UK) Programme on AIDS in Uganda,;
       Entebbe.
 SO    AIDS. 1994 Feb;8(2):253-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94318210
 AB    OBJECTIVE: To study in depth sexual history and sexual behaviour
       variables as risk factors for HIV-1 infection in a rural Ugandan
       population. METHODS: Following a socioeconomic and serological survey of
       a rural population in Masaka District, south-west Uganda, 233 randomly
       selected HIV-1-positive cases and 233 negative controls matched on age
       and village of residence, were invited in October 1990 to participate in
       a case-control study. A total of 132 cases and 161 controls attended for
       in-depth investigation including an interview about sexual behaviour.
       RESULTS: The factor most strongly associated with increased risk of
       infection was a greater number of lifetime sexual partners, with odds
       ratios (OR) of 2.1 and 4.9 for those reporting 4-10 and 11 or more
       partners, respectively, compared with those reporting less than four
       partners. Having only one sexual partner did not provide complete
       protection, a total of seven (one male, six female) subjects reporting
       only one sexual partner were HIV-1-positive. Other significant factors
       were a history of genital ulcers [OR, 2.9; 95% confidence intervals
       (CI), 1.0-9.1) and not being a Muslim (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8-16.5)
       suggesting a possible protective effect of circumcision. There was a
       suggestion that those who married within the last 7 years (OR, 2.4; 95%
       CI, 0.9-6.1) and men exposed to menstrual blood (OR, 5.7; 95% CI,
       0.7-49.8) were at an increased risk of HIV-1 infection. CONCLUSIONS:
       These results confirm the predominant role of sexual behaviour in the
       HIV-1 epidemic. Of particular concern is the observation of HIV-1
       infection among those reporting only one partner. Where HIV-1 infection
       is widely distributed in the general population, risk reduction
       strategies should, in addition to the promotion of partner reduction,
       place strong emphasis on safe-sex techniques.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  Aged  Blood/MICROBIOLOGY  Case-Control Studies
       Circumcision/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA  Comorbidity  Ethnic Groups  Female
       Genital Diseases, Female/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Genital Diseases,
       Male/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Human  HIV Infections/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION
       *HIV-1  Male  Marriage/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA  Menstruation  Middle Age
       Prostitution/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA  Risk Factors  Rural Population
       Sex Behavior/*STATISTICS & NUMER DATA  Sexual Partners  Sexually
       Transmitted Diseases/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Socioeconomic Factors  Support,
       Non-U.S. Gov't  Travel/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA  Uganda/EPIDEMIOLOGY
       Ulcer/EPIDEMIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).